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Democrats and moderates in the path to the Unit Italian

Conference - January 22 18.30
Italian Cultural Institute, 38 Rue de Livourne, Brussels

The failure of the Restoration drawn to Vienna in 1815 it soon became clear to more balanced European observers of the time: the same Holy Alliance, founded with an ambitious spirit of brotherhood and religious renewal, turned out to be a mere instrument of repression.

soon revived in the cultural and, above all, literary, the ideals have arisen during the period Napoleon. Alessandro Manzoni was in the same year, 1821, noted with the reality of national targets,

a free people throughout
FIA or servant of the Alps and the sea;
a-arms, language, altar,
memories, blood and heart.
(March 1821, 29-32)

and the continuing strength of the Napoleonic myth, opening the door to the long wait of the General, who can translate the national aspirations in the victorious struggle on the battlefield.

well beaten, stunned
the earth is the nuncio,
dumb thinking last
man hours fatal
or knows if a similar
footprint pie 'deadly
its bloody dust
will trample on.
(The fifth day of May, 5-12)

However, only after the events of 1830 - the advent of Louis Philippe in France and the success of the Belgian Revolution - the stress from Paris and Brussels were transformed by generous surge in the increasingly specific and detailed policy agendas. Mazzini began his charm and "revolutionary" path unit, for Italy first, but soon after, also for Europe. Others are dispatched to a federalist path, albeit with different accents in different areas had that choice, moderate and democratic. The names of Cattaneo and Ferrari, on the one hand, and Balbo, Durando, Tommaseo and Gioberti, on the other, seem emblematic of a season (1831-1846) of reflections and discussions, which will culminate in August of 1847 with the work of Massimo d'Azeglio dedicated to the "Proposal for a program to review the Italian national team."

But the biennium 1848-1849 will go down with the Neo-Guelphism utopia and projects of the federation: the "errors" of that fateful period will remain immune only unified program inspired by Mazzini. Will not be ready to realize Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi but that permeated the ideals of the Apostle, undertook in the years 1856-1860 that path unit, which culminated in 1861 in the Italian national state formation, which are inextricably linked to the idea of \u200b\u200bRome as the capital , Mazzini also originally.

Romano Ugolini